There Will Be Blood Analysis free essay sample

The film explores themes of ambition, loneliness, lust for power, false personas, hatred, lack of faith, mistrust and loss of humanity. Anderson explores these themes through the characters of Daniel Plainview and Eli Sunday. In addition to character exploration, Anderson uses a variety of cinematic techniques in order to subtextually portray these themes. These techniques include, contrasting lighting, long shots, wide angles and mis en scene. The first themes to be explored in There Will Be Blood are ambition and loneliness. The film begins with a wide shot of a vast and open terrain. This signifies the emptiness of our setting. We meet the character of Daniel Plainview (Daniel Day Lewis) deep below the ground in a mining shaft. Plainview is working in absolute darkness. This could be symbolic of Plainview’s current economic or social position. However, his loneliness and labor is a product of his ambition and lust for power. However, his loneliness and labor is a product of his ambition and lust for power. This ambition is visually revealed to us when Plainview climbs out of his mine and makes his way into town to sell his silver. All of this is done with a broken leg. This ascension out of the darkness of the shaft is visually symbolic of Plainview’s path to power. Plainview begins drilling for oil and becomes a more powerful figure. God like imagery is now associated with Plainview in order to visually portray this power. For example, pools of light gather behind Daniel’s head as he looks down into an oil rig. This makes him appear to be holy or God like. Eventually, a worker dies in Plainview’s oil rig and Daniel is left covered in blood and oil; this is a reoccurring visual element in the film. Another reoccurring element of the film is the association of oil with death. The worker leaves behind a child named H. W who Daniel adopts. The child wears white garments which are contrasted with the darkness of Daniel’s attire and the blackness of the oil that now consumes the landscape. These white garments could be representative of religious imagery. Daniel and H. W eventually go into business as partners. Daniel attempts to create the impression that he is a family man, thus making purchasing land easier. This introduces the theme of false personas. Daniel’s second false personas is one of a man who is driven by need to help his community. In reality all of his motives are interior. This explains the film’s contrasting lighting. Scenes with bright high key light are contrasted with scenes of darkness where Plainview’s face is hidden in shaddow. In turn, we begin to see a clear hatred of religion in Daniel. This introduces the theme of lack of faith. Daniel’s lack of faith could be attributed to his developing God complex. This theme is explored further with the introduction of Daniel’s antithesis, Eli Sunday (Paul Dano). Eli is a pastor who immediately attempts to exert power of Daniel by attempting to bless his oil well. Plainview responds by blessing it himself. This is further evidence for Daniel’s God complex which puts the characters in direct conflict. Both men are attempting to exert control over one another. Eli is attempting to bring Daniel into his congregation and Daniel is attempting to exert his power over Eli’s community. We see visual contrast between Daniel and Eli with how both men are framed in shots. Eli is often framed in tight shots with crowds and people around him. This is in contrast with Daniel who is framed in wide, empty shots. Daniel’s relationship with Eli shines a light on another theme, hatred. When Daniel starts a friendship with his brother Henry, he abandons his false persona and reveals his true self. Plainview admits to a deep seated hatred of humanity and his desire to be alone. The character of Henry is important due to the fact that Plainview places his trust in a person for the first time in the film. This trust is destroyed when it’s revealed that Henry is a conman. This introduces the theme of mistrust and signifies a character shift in Plainview. Daniel has now his humanity which is represented by his abandonment of H. W. Eventually, Eli attempts to exert power over Daniel by blackmailing him into being baptized. However, we are able to see that Daniel still holds full power through the God imagery association in the scene. A large bright cross is placed over Plainview’s head as he is being Baptized. Also, despite being on his knees he is still filmed as the dominant in the frame. The baptism is also used for ironic purposes because a man who lacks any humanity has now allegedly been saved. The film then jumps through time to the mid 1920’s. Daniel is living alone in an enormous mansion with nothing but a servant as company. This brings the theme of loneliness full circle. Plainview started out the film alone and in search of power. He now has massive amounts of wealth and power but is still alone. We also see a sequence in which Plainview drunkenly walks down a flight of stairs. This is visually symbolic of Plainview’s descension. This can also be compared to Plainview being underground in a mineshaft in the start of the film. Despite his long journey and quest for power, Plainview has made no progression. The film climaxes with a final meeting between Daniel and Eli. Eli demonstrates his false persona in this scene when he claims that he and Daniel are old friends. This is just in a desperate attempt to get money. This puts Daniel in the ultimate position of power. He forces Eli to abandon his faith by denouncing God. This acts as an anti baptism with Daniel performing it. In this scene the true animal within Daniel emerges as he maliciously controls all of Eli’s actions. We also see a final emergence of Daniel’s God complex when he proclaims that he is the third revelation (Eli’s Church). This scene also serves as a portrayal of hypocrisy. Eli, who allegedly operates as a moral figure throughout the film now abandons his faith for money. This scene also makes us wonder if Daniel, despite being a murderer, has more redeeming qualities than the hypocritical Eli. In addition Anderson sets Eli’s death in a bowling alley which could be symbolic of lying dead in a gutter which is a traditionally seen as a less than heroic way of dying. P. T Anderson uses a variety of cinematic techniques and visual symbols in order to add to his complex thematic narrative. Daniel Plainview is always shot as the dominant in the frame. This is symbolic of his power in the film. Also, as the film progresses the shots that Daniel are in become wider and emptier. This is representative of his loss of humanity and his isolation. Often times when we see Daniel the frame will be void of any other characters. In addition to this we often see a large empty landscape filled with spread out oil rigs behind Daniel. These oil rigs in a large dessert terrain come to be associated with Daniel’s character. Anderson also uses frames in order to isolate Daniel. He often times shoots him through windows and doorways. This is representative of Daniel’s detachment from others. Another symbolic image that comes to be associated with Daniel is fire. In a scene where an oil rig explodes, Daniel watches the fire with joy. The fire comes to be associated with Daniel’s burning ambition. However, it also comes to represent his hatred as evident by a fire burning when he kills Henry. Fire is also at times associated with H. W’s hatred as well. After weeks of being ignored by his father, H. W attempts to set the Plainview cabin on fire. Anderson also experiments with character proximity in relation to Daniel and H. W. Early in the film they are filmed very close together in medium shots and closeups. The expanding frame and distance between them becomes symbolic of their relationship. Evidence for this comes in a scene where H. W and Daniel are reunited. The scene is shot from an extra wide angle which takes away any sense of intimacy between the two characters. Another reoccurring visual element in this film is industry. Oil rigs, pipelines, trains and cars are all portrayed as motifs within he film. The film’s climax within the Plainview mansion also uses heavy visual symbolism. When Daniel descends the stairs his frame is filled with vertical bars from the banister. This is symbolic of Daniel being a prisoner in his own home. The film’s final sequence also visually depicts Daniel’s power as he hovers above a crying Eli. Also, when Eli lays bleeding and dying a gutter separates the two characters in a birds eye shot. This could be a reference to Daniel’s God complex. It also acts as a barrier between the two characters in reference to Daniel’s detachment. There Will Be Blood is one of the most interesting and compelling character studies in recent film history. P. T Anderson portrays the fall of a less than human anti hero that we ultimately feel sympathy for. The film’s innovative use of camera techniques, lighting, visual symbolism and mis en scene all combine to create a powerful narrative that highlights the nature of human flaws.

WorldCom Fiasco Essay Example

WorldCom Fiasco Essay WorldCom was a company that was dealing with long distance telephone and internet communication server provider technologies. The company at one time became bankrupt because of the mangers who were appointed made the company to go into liquidation because they undertook fraudulent deals and this lead to the collapse of the company. The new chief Executive Officer Mr. Michael Capellas and Mr. Robert Blakely were appointed so as to conduct an audit about the performance of the company.   The task of auditing was difficult because the company had so many employees and so many assets of the company had been overvalued and this amounted to increased fraudulent cases that needed to be reviewed. Recent studies showed that the company’s fraud was as a result of the company’s management’s employee’s mismanagement of the companies operations. http://www.seu.edu/ethics/dialogue/cande/cases/worldcom-update.htmlWorldCom Company’s disasters of bankruptcy lead t o the laying off workers. The investors and the mangers pension funds were not given to them since the company did not have enough money to pay all the workers. The status of the lives of retirees was also affected because they did not have enough money to cater for them once they terminated their employment. It was observed that besides the poor management of the WorldCom Company the telecommunication industry was overbuilt and it could not absorb the capacity of technology that had been built into the system for many years. The WorldCom shares which had peaked at $62 three years ago had fallen to 83 cents at the trading of the stock exchange this lead to the halting of   the company   operations   The management of the company had also borrowed $30 billion from different companies   and at the time of its collapse it had a huge debt such   that it was not able to recover to pay its debts of its customers(Maasen, G.F 1999)..The collapse of the World Com Company had also a positive effect because the managers of most corporations became more responsible since they wanted to maximize profits in their businesses. The government of Congress imposed instructions that all corporations were supposed to follow the rules and regulations of the company and thus the company’s management could no longer manipulate the balance sheets of the WorldCom Company. Another change that was to be undertaken was that the higher management levels salaries were reduced so that the company would cut on its expenses on the salaries and wages which were taking up the company’s largest budget. The ranks of the high-level management structures were regulated so that the right people would hold these positions so as to enable the proper management of WorldCom Company and this reduce the incidence of fraud. http://www.be.wvu.edu/bl-online/news/badnews.htmThe negative effect that WorldCom Company had was that the students who were leaving school had to compete with th e laid off workers of WorldCom, Xeron and Enron companies and this way a challenge to them as they had to compete for the few jobs opportunities that were there in the market. The president of the Congress state Mr. Bush said that he was ready to ensure that the economy of the country was strengthened through reforming the pension plans, and he ensured that corporate criminals were held accountable for their actions. The reason why he wanted to improve the economy was because the WorldCom company had for a long time contributed to the revenue of the country and its demise lead to the reduction of the country’s revenue thus the president of Congress imposed the instructions so that more people would be made to be more responsible for their actions and the huge losses that were being experienced would be reduced.The president of the Congress state Mr. Bush noted that the people who had dedicated themselves to building the WorldCom company deserved to paid better because they ha d contributed to the well-being of the economy and this enabled the country to protect jobs for their employees thus they had no a problem of the security of their jobs and also ensured that the retirees benefits were secure thus they would not have a problem in the future. The president of the Congress later signed into law a bill that increased a review of the accounting industry and he imposed tough penalties for the executives that committed corporate frauds.The management of WorldCom later filed a case in court to state that they had over valued their earnings by more than $ 4 billion and thus the customers of WorldCom Company were assured that the company was in a stable condition thus they did not have to worry that their telephones and their computers would be affected in anyway.Ethics is the study of how to determine what is right or wrong of an action, a way of life or a decision by a person. In the normative ethics it deals with the search of principles that guide a perso n on whether making a decision or an action is right or wrong. In the utilitarian theory it is based on the moral standards that are applied on an outcome of an action or a decision that ensures all people in an organization behave in a way that will be beneficial to the community at large. In the deontology theory it ensures that the decisions are made solely or primarily by considering one’s duties and rights and one that does not change as a result of circumstances.It was not ethical for the leaders of WorldCom to deceive their customers that the company would be successful in the future while it was massively insolvent. The top accounting firms did a bad job of falsifying the audit reports which made customers of WorldCom company to believe that it was a financially stable company.The WorldCom company fiasco sager had an impact on one individual who was known as Cynthia Cooper. She spearheaded the uncovering of the fraudulent activities of the company; she was later award ed a number of awards such as the Accounting Exemplar Award since she had made a notable contribution to professionalism, ethics in the accounting practice of the company. The chief executive officer that is Mr. Ebbers and Mr. Sullivan had contributed to the success of the business since the time they left the company Cynthia cooper was treated badly for uncovering the fraud in the company and her salary was frozen and her auditing position was taken over by another person because she flew to other places of the world since she was given the opportunity to do so.In the year 2004, the chief executive officer of WorldCom Mr. Ebbers was charged with an offense of committing a securities fraud and he had false fully field cases with the Securities and Exchange Commission in March 2005. He was found guilty of all the charges on July 13 that year he was sentenced to a lifetime imprisonment. Mr. Ebber’s lawyer applied for his conviction so that he could not serve the lifetime impris onment, they falsified the case by giving the judge inappropriate information about Mr. Ebber’s knowledge of the WorldCom accounting fraud that took place in the company. His lawyers also claimed that his case had been manipulated because the three high-level WorldCom executives were not given permission to testify on his behalf. In August 2005, the former chief executive officer Mr. Sullivan was sentenced for five years in court due to the fraudulent practices of the WorldCom Company. He pleaded guilty of the offence that he had been charged against with and he was the only person who was to testify against Mr. Ebbers. Currently, Mr. Ebbers has been convicted in a court of law and he remains to pay a bail while he continues to pursue an appeal.The management of companies must ensure that the necessary mechanisms for production and allocation of resources are subjected to ethical constraints which ensure that the outcomes of exchange satisfy the demands of social justice and that the basic needs of the people are met because if people needs are not met then a company may not achieve its objectives of profit maximization. The state needs to regulate the society and the market so that the rights of al people in the society are regulated in the case of WorldCom where the company was liquidated because of the poor management of the resources of the company, the president’s intervention to regulate the market was a positive move because the other upcoming companies would not fall into the same problem.The management of company should prepare annual directors reports that include a more detailed operating and financial review of the company’s performance. This will enable shareholders and other people who are interested in the company’s affairs to make informed assessments of the company’s current position and future strategies so as to curb incidence of fraud that were noted in WorldCom company and this resulted to its closure.Ref erenceMaasen, G.F (1999). An international comparison of corporate governance models†, Amsterdam: Spencer Stuarthttp://www.seu.edu/ethics/dialogue/cande/cases/worldcom-update.htmlhttp://www.be.wvu.edu/bl-online/news/badnews.htmKen, B. (2005) WorldCom’s audacious failure and its toll on an industry. New York TimesHooks, G. (1998) â€Å"Corporate welfare policy and the welfare state. Bank deregulation and the savings and loan bail out, â€Å"social forces Vol 77 ISS.4 pp 1644-1646

TOP TOK Essay Topics For 2020

TOP TOK Essay Topics For 2020We've seen a lot of results from the TOK Essay topics for 2020 and there are more in store for 2020. After studying hundreds of students' essays, we've seen that most of them are interested in discussing women's issues and how these relate to the world at large. The following are some TOK Essay topics for this year.Because it is easier to be in the real world today than it was during our parents' generation, it is important for us to make sure we live in a good environment. A healthy environment means keeping our planet clean and free of toxins. That's why we will continue to promote life skills in this essay topic. It is also important to learn about the importance of keeping your body active. By keeping yourself fit and healthy, you will feel better and be a better person overall.Most students will have a similar age group as their teachers and so they are often on the same page as their classmates. While we like to encourage our students to discuss the ir feelings, their opinions and their viewpoints, we want them to listen to their teachers. We encourage teachers to spend time with their students because of the benefits it provides.If you haven't had an email address, you will want to learn more about the benefits of having one. Through the use of email, we can contact others and have much more freedom than we would in a conventional office setting. By choosing to create a web based email address, you can use it to offer your opinion on the things you love and find it much easier to communicate.When teaching students to write for college, it is important to give them a task and limit the word count they will use in their assignments. A TOK Essay topic about driving accidents is just not possible if you have a word count limit. We have found that when we put limitations on the wordcount, students learn better. Even though it may seem like they aren't writing as well as they would if they used the whole word count, they do end up m aking a more detailed essay. It is simply because the word count was too short and they ended up creating a longer essay.One of the best parts of teaching kids is helping them to organize their time. In order to help their students to organize their time better, we've created several TOK Essay topics for each class. They are organized by subject, grade level and even by topic. Our classes have had such a positive response from our students that we believe we need to create more such TOK Essay topics. One such topic is just how we can help students to understand where they fit in the world and to help them discover their passions.One of the reasons we have a TOK Essay topic for each subject is so we can provide options to our students. It is easy to create TOK Essay topics that focus on a particular subject but we prefer to offer more for our students to choose from. They will enjoy them and it will help them discover their passions.

Lady Lovelace essays

Lady Lovelace essays Ada Byron, Lady Lovelace, was a creative and influential mathematician. Born on December 10, 1815 to the romantic poet, Lord Byron, she entered a life of prestige and wealth. An active child, she enjoyed gymnastics, dancing, and horseback riding. But above all of that, she loved the arts. Going to the theater was one of her favorite pastimes, as well as playing the piano, violin, and harp. Unfortunately for her, her parents didnt get along, and ended up separating when Ada was only 1 month old. Adas mother gained custody, and therefore she never had a chance to meet her father before he died when she was eight years old. At seventeen, Ada met Mary Sommerville (a very influential mathematician) and they became fast friends. Ada explained her love of math, and Mary soon became a role model, as well as a tutor. Through Marys son, Woronzow Grieg, she met and fell in love with William King. They married soon after. William King became a member of the House of Lords, and took the name, Earl of Lovelace. Over time, they had 3 children, although Ada secretly found them a distraction, and couldnt really care less about them. She confessed this to her mother and husband, and told them she wanted to pursue mathematics further. They supported her in her decision, and tried to do whatever was possible to help her out. Lovelace took care of their country estates, while Lady Byron took the kids. Ada went to London to pursue her studies, and found a math tutor from the University of London to help her with trigonometry, calculus, arithmetic, and algebra. One evening at a dinner party at Mary Sommervilles house, Ada heard Charles Babbages ideas for the Analytical Engine. She was touched by how unique his ideas were, even though hardly anybody else was. An Italian, Menabrea, wrote a summery of what Babbage described about his machine, and Ada translated this. When Babbage read what sh ...

The development of beauty salon services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The development of beauty salon services - Essay Example The concept of beauty salons started back in the days of ancient civilization, where people mostly of upper class loved to set up fashion trends for thousands of years. Although through the ages, hairstyles, cuts and trends have changed a thousand times but some things like women wearing wigs, coloring hair are not new, and are still practiced. Back then, beauty salons were the places where wigs were being made and ordered. Rich and noble people had their beauty salons in their palaces. Ever since then, the concept of beauty salon is constantly evolving and people have become accustomed to having hair styled to them throughout the years. Though, today beauty salon does not only offer different hair styling, but a number of other services such as perms, massage, waxing, tanning, facial treatments, pedicure, manicure and many more. ANALYZE HOW INNOVATION HAS CHANGED A SERVICE WITHIN THE BEAUTY INDUSTRY: Beauty industry is now a multinational and million dollar business. The services wi thin the beauty industry have widely changed, as now beauty salons are not places where simply you have your hair cut and get your nails done, but also emphasize to refine and polish the inner beauty through physical and spiritual therapy. It is not just the beauty salons and beauty shops that come under the heading of beauty industry but sales of cosmetics, perfumes and products for hair and skin care synthesize it. While beauty shops and salons are mere the service sector of this industry. In addition, some economists include cosmetic surgery and health club in this market. Beauty matters most, to most of the people in this world and so from ages the beauty industry is providing and innovating its services in order to satisfy the needs of its customers. According to the business analyst, the best selling beauty products are that clean and beautify hair. But today beauticians believed that beauty and health are interlinked, and so that is how the idea of spas and health care center s came under this heading. Queen Elizabeth was the main female icon and set the trends in the 16th century. Beauty was limited to the appearance only, where a little of face powder, glowing cheeks and red glossy lips had done it all. People used to bleach their hair using either saffron or onion skins. It used to take immense of hard work and contrary styling techniques to make a person look beautiful and presentable to attend some event. But with the ace of time and development of technology, beauty industry has also been able to advance itself by inventing artistry equipments and researching in the biological and chemical sciences which offer more sophisticated, high-performance skin care products, all in the quest for beauty. Women used to risk their life with many of their homemade cosmetics. They used burnt matches to darken their eyes, berries to stain their lips, and even used young boy’s urine to get rid of their freckles. They even used lead, mercury and even leeches to give them pale appearance. Thankfully, beauty industry has come a long way from using toxic and hazardous mixtures, and has advanced scientifically for providing a vast range to enhance our looks. Previously, people had limited hair dressing and hair treatment techniques, but more and more are developed in the market. These do not only require temporary techniques but also a permanent makeover of a person. From wigs and temporary hair

Visual Analysis Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Visual Analysis Art - Essay Example According to, For Entry to University and College, the structure acts as a base for the students to recreate markedly on the hot days as denotable from the freshmen. It allows the students to skate, walk, and even cycle at the vicinity; furthermore, the location of the structure creates a splendid walkway on and off along the campus especially in the winter periods and even towards the engineering mall. The structure has had it challenges in equal measures despite the marvelous attraction and praise. Consistent with, A University of Tradition: The Spirit of Purdue, the threat exposed by the structure to small children is quite insurmountable to warrant its operations. For instance, in April 2001, the structure had stalled for some periods. It even attracted the attention of the administration to the extents of even rethinking of laying fences around the structure. Massive pressure created by the water jets continually knocked children on the along the structure thus inhibiting or eve n concealing the rather finely designed and projected engineering work. The local people however permitted their children to get jovial around the structure, but this was to conducted under supervision of an older person, for instance their parents. While the structure was excellently designed, personally I feel that it does not meet the thresholds for safety. Possibly, the location or even design architecture had gross errors. In any engineering or artwork safety comes first. Probably redesign of the structure could restore the desires of the initial creator. The conspicuously high pressure is inconsistent and inapplicable to the ambience habituated by children. Possibly, design of a small obstacle or fences around it could probably reassure the essence of the structure. The implementers of the design did a laudable job by using long term existing materials including concrete and blocks (Pipes, 2003). Landmarks similar to the ‘Engineering fountain’ are susceptible to t he erosion factors, rain and water being the chief causatives of the wide spanning corrosion conditions. The choice of the blocks ascertains the durability anticipated by the initial designers of the structure thus exposing the envisaged long existence. Goods application of cement and quality exhibits unnatural strength in the material structure as notable from the pyramids of Egypt and the highly erected quality expands the established feature for the far based visibility of the structure. At night, the highly adorn lights paints the section under which the projects sits sparkling cream appearance that even adds to the already outstanding form to expound on the beauty. While the art points to heaven and at top of it during the night light shines resembling the biblical star that directed the Wiseman to the birth place of the king (Jesus). The vast space allocated near it offers ample time during the view of the remarkable design. Confirmable from, A University of Tradition: The Spi rit of Purdue, while in terms of aesthetic value, the structure achieves great scoring in terms of points; however, the president of the Purdue and the university architect had to absorb certain amount of pressure and complaints directed to them due the hindrance notable in the project. Apparently, the project was Martin Jischke’s first project in the university. The eventual formation of a community organized committee to seek the way forward on the matter explains the vital

Alarm over Dramatic Weakening of Gulf Stream Essay Example for Free

Alarm over Dramatic Weakening of Gulf Stream Essay Gulf Stream and the extension it has on Europe is said to be a powerful Atlantic current that has its origin in Gulf of Mexico all the way to Africa across the Atlantic Ocean. It is the one that influences the climate in the North American coast as well as the coast in Europe. It is also used as a source of renewable energy for the generation of power. Gulf Stream is a strong current that usually meets with other ocean currents and rain is formed. It also transports water in the form of waves and also helps the rivers that drain in the Atlantic Ocean. It forms rain as the current is able to cool the water that is draining in the Atlantic Ocean thus evaporation takes place and falls in form of rain. Since the current is the one that is controlling the climate in the region that it passes scientists have warned that there is evidence of its weakening. This means that there are areas that the current will cool thus preventing human activities from taking place. According to George et al 1995, this will lead to reduction of global warming in the future until 2015. This is evident as the warm water that comes from tropical Atlantic is cold when it gets to the north of Atlantic. This is not to say that the climate will change badly as it might be thought. According to the same source the Gulf Stream is said to have weakened in the past decades and this has been caused by global warming. The strength that the current has, when measured it has been found to slow by 30%. This has made the circulation to slow down and if it remains so the temperatures in some countries are likely to drop like in Britain. It is also not clear whether the weakening is long term or short term. The reason why temperatures are likely to change is because the current transports heat from regions that are equatorial to the circle of the Arctic. This makes the water in the surface to warm as the current releases the heat as it goes to the north where it is cold. Global warming affects the current by slowing it down. This is because global warming has caused melting of the water in the mountainous regions to melt and makes the water less saline thus cooling cannot take place. In Paris â€Å"Little Ice Age† that started in Europe is as a result of the weakening of the Gulf Stream. This is because there is warm water that enters River Thames and cannot allow it to cool to how it was in the past. This has also changed the weather in the region. The weakening has been explained in the British journal Nature. The Gulf Stream has been blamed because the warm water that it takes from the tropical regions to the coastline in Europe has cause severe weather changes in the regions that it passes through. There is also evidence in the sediment cores from where the Gulf Stream enters. There are planktons that are evident in these cores and this depends on the isotope that is present in oxygen. The isotope is dependant on the salinity of the water. This is what shows the density of the water in the sea. According to scientists there is evidence that there are changes that are taking place in the Gulf Stream. They say that if the Gulf Stream did not have any influence Britain and Siberia could have the same latitude. In the past Greenland Sea had dense water sinking but since today it meets the Gulf steam currents it warms up and the result is that the water becomes warm. This has caused the water to become warm and affect the animals that are present in the water. Chimneys are the dense water that used to sink and this has reduced and thus weakening the Gulf Stream current. The ice in the sea is said to be getting thinner and thinner. Other scientists from Cambridge University have confirmed the weakening of the Gulf Stream and that Europe is likely to be cold than in the past. This is because of the fact that the strength at which the current is flowing is slower than in the past. They have also said that the chimneys that were present in the Greenland Sea are no longer there. It is because of these chimneys that the world is experiencing the climatic changes that are taking place. They have also predicted that the waters are going to remain as they are and that temperature in Britain is going to drop in the next decade. (Taylor, et al, 1992 p. 920) The weakening of these temperatures is going to cause no melting of the snow that falls in countries like Finland and France. This will cause glaciations to begin because there will be an increase in the reflectivity of the planet. The Gulf currents is also said to affect the other currents that it meets as it travels. There are also some climatic changes that are likely to occur in the future but they are not known. It is also projected that the currents will continue to slow down in the future. Work Cited George, D. G. and A. H. Taylor, UK lake plankton and the Gulf Stream. Nature, 1995, 378, 139 Taylor, A. H. , Colebrook, J. M. , Stephens, J. A. and N. G. Baker, Latitudinal displacements of the Gulf Stream and the abundance of plankton in the north-east Atlantic. J. of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 1992, 72, 919-921.